Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (November 24, 1864 – September 9, 1901)
was a French painter, printmaker, draftsman, and illustrator, whose immersion
in the decadent and theatrical life of fin de siècle Paris yielded
an oeuvre of provocative images of modern life.
Biography
Youth
Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec Monfa was born in Albi, Tarn
in the Midi-Pyrénées Region of France, the firstborn child
of Comte Alphonse and Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec. An aristocratic
family that had recently fallen on hard times, the Toulouse-Lautrecs were
still feeling the effects of the inbreeding of past generations; the Comte
and Comtesse were first cousins, and Henri suffered from a number of congenital
health conditions attributed to this tradition of intermarriage (see below).
A younger brother was born to the family on August 28, 1867, but died
the following year.
Disfiguration
At ages 13 and 14, Henri fractured his left and right thigh bones, respectively.
The breaks did not heal properly (modern physicians attribute this to
an unknown genetic disorder along the lines of osteoporosis or osteogenesis
imperfecta), and his legs ceased to grow, so that as an adult he was only
4'6" (1.4m) tall, having developed an adult-sized torso but retained
his child-sized legs.
Physically unable to participate in most of the activities typically
enjoyed by men his age, Toulouse-Lautrec immersed himself in his art.
He became an important post-Impressionist painter, art nouveau illustrator,
and lithographer and recorded in his works many details of the late-19th
century bohemian lifestyle in Paris. Toulouse-Lautrec also contributed
a number of illustrations to the magazine Le Rire during the mid-1890s.
Paris
He was declared to be "the soul of Montmartre", the Parisian
quarter where he made his home. His paintings portray life at the Moulin
Rouge and other Montmartre and Parisian cabaret and theaters, and in the
brothels that he frequented (and where he perhaps contracted syphilis).
Two of the well-known people he portrayed were singer Yvette Guilbert,
and Louise Weber, known as the outrageous La Goulue, a dancer who created
the "French Can-Can."
Toulouse-Lautrec gave painting lessons to Suzanne Valadon, one of his
models (and, by all accounts, probably his mistress as well, from whom
he is believed to have contracted syphilis).
An alcoholic for most of his adult life, he was placed in a sanatorium
shortly before his death. He died from complications due to alcoholism
and syphilis just before his 37th birthday, at the family estate in Malromé;
he is buried in Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres from his birthplace.
His last words were reportedly "Vieil imbécile!" ("Old
fool"), in reference to his father, who was present at the scene.
Tremblement de Terre
The invention of the Tremblement de Terre (Earthquake) cocktail is attributed
to Toulouse-Lautrec, a potent mixture containing half Absinthe and half
Cognac.
Legacy
After his death, his mother, the Comtesse Adèle Toulouse-Lautrec,
and Maurice Joyant, his art dealer, promoted his art. His mother contributed
funds for a museum to be built in Albi, his birthplace, to house his works.
As of 2005, his paintings had sold for as much as $14.5 million.
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. (2007, January 30). In Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 09:19, February 2, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec&oldid=104408724
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